It's been a disappointing month for me: upon my return to India from the International AIDS Conference, India's National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) released its revised Adolescent Education Programme (now called Life Skills Education) textbooks in India for use in sexuality education courses throughout the country. The first editions were banned by 12 state governments for their "objectionable" and "explicit" content, and their "attack on Indian values." (An article in Frontline magazine captures the tensions in detail.)
The new textbooks emphasize abstinence, do not explain sexual intercourse, and do not reflect the diversity of young people's lives. We know from research that abstinence-only programs have no impact on whether or not teens have sex, and whether or not they use protection, or even know how to protect themselves from sexually transmitted infections or unwanted pregnancies--surely these textbooks will not move NACO towards its goal of preventing teen pregnancies or reducing the number of new HIV infections among young people.
At a satellite session during the AIDS Conference, I asked how an abstinence-only curriculum would ensure that young people have the information they need to protect themselves against HIV. The panelists, India's Health Minister, Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss and NACO's Director General, Ms. K. Sujatha Rao, avoided the question and did not respond.
Around the same time, back
home, in India, youth groups, educators, sexual rights groups, women's
rights groups, disability rights groups, and groups working on child
sexual abuse came together to demand an approach to sexuality education
that would empower young people by providing them with comprehensive
and accurate information about their bodies, sex and how to protect
themselves and their partners against HIV and sexually transmitted infections.
I also asked the panellists how NACO intended to prevent transmission of HIV/AIDS among women who have sex with women. We know that just because a penis is not involved, it does not mean that HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections, cannot be transmitted. And even though the rate of female-to-female transmission is low, this does not mean that women who have sex with women are not at risk. Again, they abstained from replying to my question.
By ignoring the realities of young peoples' lives, including women who have sex with women and those who identify as lesbians, we are missing a huge opportunity to catalyze lasting and fundamental change.
