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The Take-Home Message

By Amanda Marcotte, RH Reality Check

September 5, 2007 - 7:00am

Amanda Marcotte's picture

For conservatives, the major selling point of abstinence-only education was all the things it doesn't teach. It doesn't teach you how to use condoms. It doesn't teach you about the birth control pill. No shots, no diaphragms, not even the pull-and-pray method. Some programs teach you, in highly exaggerated terms, that these things have failure rates, but that's it. The dominant concept behind abstinence-only education is that both the "sex" and "education" parts are problematic and best left out of the curriculum.

Starting an education program by making a long list of the things you don't want to teach sounds like a good idea on paper, but it turns out that when you're presenting your ideas to parents and school boards, they keep getting stuck on the silly idea that education should be about educating students, which is usually performed by sharing information instead of withholding it. Which created something of a conundrum for abstinence-only proponents, who then were tasked with the job of coming up with something that resembled education enough to sneak by school boards. That, or at least they needed to get some text inside books besides, "Sex is dirty, so don't do it. If possible, don't even think about it." It turns out that some parents and sticklers on school boards feel that an entire course should be more than two sentences at the beginning of class and then a semester of having high school kids kill time by scribbling in coloring books.

Tasked with the duty of coming up with something that resembles actual education, the developers of abstinence-only curricula, who were mostly of the right wing Christian persuasion, happened upon a brilliant plan: Just repack social conservative Christian propaganda in language that sounded vaguely scholastic and voila! No need for facts or real education. Soon a variety of what I like to call Potemkin textbooks and sex education curricula were developed.

Abstinence-only books and programs don't teach facts or safe sex strategies, but after all the work that curricula developers put into stuffing the textbooks with bona fide words and pictures, it's a little unfair at this point to accuse them of teaching nothing whatsoever. Plenty of lessons are imparted in the abstinence-only classroom at this point, some intended and plenty that are not intended in the slightest. Here's a sample of some of the lessons being passed with your federal abstinence-only dollar:

Technical virginity. Since most, probably all, abstinence-only materials are written by social conservatives who idealize traditional heterosexual marriage as the only legitimate form of sexual expression, there tends to be a focus on defining "sex" in these books as penis-in-vagina intercourse. Between that narrow definition of sex and the tendency of some abstinence-only programs to extract pledges from students to wait until marriage to have sex, a situation has been created where horny teenagers are practically challenged to find some legalistic technicalities where they can both get off and keep their pledges not to have sex. Enter "technical virginity," otherwise known as doing "anything but."

"Anything but" can actually be a safer way for teenagers to experiment if they stick to heavy petting and kissing, but when "anything but" includes, as it often does these days, anal and oral sex, the supposed STI-preventing benefits of abstinence-only evaporate. The statistics bear this out. Researchers from Yale and Columbia reported in March 2005 that abstinence-only pledgers had the same STD rates as non-pledgers, because they were still having sex while maintaining "technical virginity," and they were less likely to use protection, probably because they heard that it doesn't work anyway from their sex educators.

A third of American women are broken, moral degenerates, and suicidal from guilt. Abstinence-only textbooks come down hard on women who have abortions, even though there's no real reason to think that having an abortion degrades your will to wait for marriage to have sex, because the vast majority of women who have abortions have had sex at some point, probably recently. So either they're married or their will to avoid sex until marriage was degraded prior to the abortion. The Waxman report on abstinence-only education found that many texts teach that having an abortion leads to sterility, mental health problems down the road, and even suicide. Considering that more than one third of American women will have an abortion, these books are suggesting that one third of American women are broken shells of human beings.

In case that concerns you, the evidence for the widespread mental health problems caused by abortion is somewhere between scant and non-existent, so if you're worried about the source of women's problems, look to other causes. I hear that there's some threat to the right to abortion, for instance, which might be a cause for concern.

Women, or at least vaginas, are objects that get "used up" fairly quickly. Abstinence-only educators absolutely love having classroom demonstrations to drive home the point that women who've had sex are used up and more suitable for being thrown in a dumpster than gussied up in a wedding gown. Various objects are used to drive home this point. Some educators prefer to compare women to toothbrushes, telling the students you don't want to use someone else's toothbrush after they've opened the package and used it. Some pass out gum or lollipops and then dare the students to swap them after they've started chewing on them, likening non-virginal women to chewed up candy. My all-time favorite, though, might be Jennifer Waters's method, since she sticks tape to student arms and pulls it off, showing that if a woman has had sex with another guy before you, she's less emotionally "sticky."

From a certain perspective, however, her demonstration could be a pro-promiscuity one that teaches girls how to overcome co-dependent tendencies through sleeping around. I don't think that's how she means it, however.

Men are sexually aroused by condescending ego-coddling. The Waxman report also described one abstinence-only text called "Choosing the Best" had a story in it about a princess who helps a prince slay a dragon by giving him all the information he needed to know in order to do it. Her reward for being resourceful and saving their lives is that the prince dumps her for another woman. The moral of the story? The men value their feelings of superiority over women more than they do their own lives.

And those are just a few of the many retrograde, sexist, unhealthy lessons being imparted in abstinence-only education.


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8 comments
Amanda, you are one of my favorite bloggers of all time. I read you at Pandagon all the time and I am terribly excited to see you writing for RHRC.

This is, of course, an excellent critique of the "abstinence only" sex indoctrination, and the conflated messages it sends to those who are victimized by it. I'd say that it surprises me that anyone still believes in this garbage, but as we know, those who promote it are driven by a mythological ideology and not logic.
Submitted by Caitlain on September 5, 2007 - 9:48am.
Caitlain, We couldn't agree with you more! We're thrilled Amanda has joined our team as a weekly columnist (look for her every Wednesday) and as the host of our weekly Reality Cast, which people can listen to live on the site or download to listen to at their convenience. Check for new Reality Cast's hosted by Amanda Marcotte every Monday only at RH Reality Check!


Be the change you seek,

Scott Swenson, Editor

Submitted by Scott Swenson, RH Reality Check on September 5, 2007 - 11:13am.
On the other hand, Amanda is a damaged shrike, taking out her justified hurt over abuse on all of mankind and particularly Christianity. A misanthrope of galactic proportion. Her opinions being posted here also tell me all I need to know about the "reality" check to be found here; reality as it may be found in florid schizophrenics. Good luck, peeps. You're gonna need it.
Submitted by Anonymous on September 5, 2007 - 9:17pm.
Yeah, you have to be pretty fucked up in the head to get mad when people lie to kids about condoms. Who's she going to come out against next, people who stomp on little old ladies' toes while they're waiting for the bus?
Submitted by junk science on September 5, 2007 - 10:39pm.
Yay for more Amanda on reproductive rights! I'm a regular Pandagon reader and I too am excited to see you here. You cut to the heart of the matter in an engaging and often amusing way, just like you did with this issue. Its sad to think that our country is so repressive about sex that it's better to keep kids in the dark then to educate them to make their own decision (because that worked so well in the past).
Submitted by N1Nj4G1rl on September 6, 2007 - 4:20pm.
Thanks for the comments, even from the haters. After all, if I didn't get the hate mail, I wouldn't feel like I was touching a nerve. I'm really looking forward to this relationship with RH Reality Check. It's an opportunity to do some stuff I don't do on Pandagon, especially multi-media stuff. And the writing, of course. When you're writing about reproductive rights, you don't have to feel weird about the non-stop sex jokes.
Submitted by Amanda Marcotte, RH Reality Check on September 6, 2007 - 4:51pm.
a shrike? i've never encountered one before. maybe i don't want to know. Amanda rocks.
Submitted by Anonymous on September 6, 2007 - 8:42pm.
It's perfectly legitimate and necessary to point out that the worst aspect of so-called "abstinence-only" is that it doesn't work; that in reality kids and adults alike go ahead and have sex anyway, only they are less prepared in every sense to use protection in every sense, with predictably worse results than real sex ed. But there is this other dimension--what if you succeed in propagandizing some poor True Believer fool (such as myself, for instance) into internalizing the message--sex is dangerous, don't do it? In my case it wasn't so much formal programs; I went through K-12 in the 70s and early 80s, and we just didn't really have any sex ed in any form worth mentioning in the mostly Catholic schools I went to then. Except insofar as the subject came up in religious ed. Mostly I internalized the values of an especially reactionary interpretation of Catholic values, that told me that thinking seriously and deliberately about sex was pretty much as sinful as actually doing something about it. I can't judge whether on the whole it was good or bad for me that I completely failed to internalize the schizophrenic hypocrisy that was my true heritage. My Dad made some rather pathetic efforts to countermand the basic antisex message up to recruiting one of his own Religious Ed students to kiss me, and making it clear that the sort of ethics that later had other military officers prosecuted in droves for sexual harrassment was his real credo. But I respected my idealized image of the morality he ostensibly stood for to process these cues. In my case, there are probably other reasons aside from the sheer extremism of the dogma I tried to live up to that explain why I grew up so isolated from a reasonably healthy degree of sexual experimentation. But the conflict, as I saw it as a child, was between the demands of my creed (and as I saw it, any Christian denomination worthy of the name) and things I wanted to be able to do. I spent half my post-pubescent childhood battling between furtive fantasies and painful resolutions to banish sexual thoughts from my mind; then around the middle of high school gave in to a nightly ritual of masturbation that I figured was mortal sin right up there with first-degree murder. I tried confessing this "sin" twice; the second time, during a retreat, was not so bad but also kind of pointless, from my point of view--the reasonably sane and tolerant priest told me it was a good confession and I should do my penance prayers in good conscience, but he had no life-changing advice to address the issue. But the first time, I confessed to our parish priest, who dropped the facade of anonymity in the confessional to point out that he damn well knew who I was, and that I should think of my sisters. (At that point I had three, born in 2 year intervals after me). Would I want some boy or man lusting after them? Of course not, so I had better just snap out of these dirty thoughts fast. In short, his answer was a dose of patriarchy--that as I was my sisters' keeper, and would of course be called upon as a proper Christian young man to keep them Protected in decent purdah, so I should assume I guess that all women were likewise in the keeping of some man or other; never mind that the Commandments said not to lust after another man's wife, all women save my own lawful wife would of course be Off Limits. The trouble was, I saw a distinction between protecting my sisters--more properly, backing them up in protecting themselves--from anything they didn't want, versus "protecting" them from lusts comparable to my own. From my point of view this was worse than a Catch-22--it was no help at all, since the basic question, "why are my 'lusts' such a sin in the first place, if this is how God made us?" had no answer at all. If one of my sisters wanted to have sex, at any rate when they were older, and felt reasonably safe doing so, I honestly didn't want to stop them. But the brainwashing "worked" to this extent--I never have learned how to date, or read the social signals I'm told people are exchanging all the time. Silly me, I have to rely on a woman telling me in clear English that she wants to do anything sexual with me before I know it's OK. I think I've done a good job of freeing myself from the self-hatred and the projected misogyny these teachings seek to inculcate. But I feel socially crippled to this day. As I say, it might not all be because of my sexual miseducation; a lot of it may be my reaction to being a frequently relocated military brat, to military culture itself (we Brats all react differently to these stresses) and a lot may be due to having grown up with severe hearing impairments. But I still blame the misogynistic, patriarchial, and fundamentally hypocritical upbringing I had for my miseries, and I see a lot of the cruelty and violence of our society as directly stemming from these kinds of roots.
Submitted by Mark Foxwell on September 7, 2007 - 7:37am.